SECTION 51
CONCRETE STRUCTURES
346
• The Contractor shall be responsible for any additional costs incurred should the
Contractor elect to fabricate materials or do other work prior to the final
determination of footing elevations.
51-1.04 PUMPING
• Pumping from the interior of any foundation enclosure shall be done in such
manner as to preclude the possibility of any portion of the concrete materials being
carried away. No pumping will be permitted during the placing of concrete, or for
a period of at least 24 hours thereafter, unless the pumping be done from a suitable
sump separated from the concrete work.
51-1.05 FORMS
• Concrete forms shall be mortartight, true to the dimensions, lines and grades of
the structure, and of sufficient strength to prevent appreciable deflection during the
placing of the concrete.
• The inside surfaces of forms shall be cleaned of all dirt, mortar and foreign
material. Forms which will later be removed shall be thoroughly coated with form
oil prior to use. The form oil shall be a commercial quality form oil or other
equivalent coating which will permit the ready release of the forms and will not
discolor the concrete.
• Concrete shall not be deposited in the forms until all work connected with
constructing the forms has been completed, all materials required to be embedded
in the concrete have been placed for the unit to be poured, and the Engineer has
inspected the forms and materials. This work shall include the removal of all dirt,
chips, sawdust, water and other foreign material from the forms.
• The rate of depositing concrete in forms shall be controlled to prevent
deflections of the forms or form panels in excess of the deflections permitted by
these specifications.
• Forms for all concrete surfaces which will not be completely enclosed or
hidden below the permanent ground surface shall conform to the requirements
herein for forms for exposed surfaces. Interior surfaces of underground drainage
structures shall be considered to be completely enclosed surfaces.
• Prior to the use of each forming system to be used for exposed surfaces and
when requested by the Engineer, the Contractor shall furnish form design and
materials data to the Engineer for approval in conformance with the provisions in
Section 5-1.02, "Plans and Working Drawings."
• Forms for exposed concrete surfaces shall be designed and constructed so that
the formed surface of the concrete does not undulate excessively in any direction
between studs, joists, form stiffeners, form fasteners or wales. Undulations
exceeding either 2.5 mm {
3/32
inch} or 0.0037- of the center to center distance
between studs, joists, form stiffeners, form fasteners or wales will be considered to
be excessive. Should any form or forming system, even though previously
approved for use, produce a concrete surface with excessive undulations, its use
shall be discontinued until modifications satisfactory to the Engineer have been
made. Portions of concrete structures with surface undulations in excess of the
limits herein may be rejected by the Engineer.
• All exposed surfaces of each element of a concrete structure shall be formed
with the same forming material or with materials which produce similar concrete
surface textures, color and appearance.



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