SECTION 49
PILING
328
excavation is begun, the pile shall be constructed expeditiously in order to prevent
deterioration of the surrounding foundation material from air slaking or from the
presence of water. Deteriorated foundation material, including material that has
softened, swollen or degraded, shall be removed from the sides and the bottom of
the hole and shall be disposed of. The bottom of the drilled hole shall be cleaned
just before placing reinforcement or concrete to remove any loose sand, gravel, dirt,
and drill cuttings.
• After placing reinforcement and prior to placing concrete in the drilled hole, if
caving occurs or deteriorated foundation material accumulates on the bottom of the
hole, as determined by the Engineer, the reinforcement shall be removed and the
bottom of the drilled hole cleaned.
• Water that has infiltrated the hole shall be removed before placing concrete
therein. Fluvial or drainage water shall not be permitted to enter the hole.
• Temporary steel casings shall be furnished and placed tight in the hole where
shown on the plans and where necessary to control water or to prevent quick soil
conditions or caving of the hole. Temporary casing shall be watertight and of
sufficient strength to withstand the loads from installation, removal, lateral concrete
pressures and earth pressures. The casing shall be non-corrugated and the surfaces
shall be smooth, clean and free from hardened concrete. The casing shall be
removed while the concrete is being placed. In a dewatered hole the concrete in the
casing shall be maintained at a level at least 1.5 m {5 feet} above the bottom of the
casing or at a level above the bottom of the casing adequate to prevent
displacement of the concrete by material from outside the casing, whichever is
greater. Casing may be vibrated or hammered when required to assist in removal
of the casing from the hole, to prevent lifting of the reinforcement and to prevent
concrete contamination. The withdrawal of casings shall not leave voids or cause
contamination of the concrete with soil or other materials.
• Portions of the holes may be enlarged, backfilled with slurry cement backfill,
concrete or other material, and redrilled to the specified diameter to control caving.
Backfill material at enlarged piles shall be chemically compatible with concrete and
steel, shall be drillable and shall have the necessary strength required for the
conditions.
• Drill cuttings shall be disposed of in conformance with the provisions in
Section 19-2.06, "Surplus Materials." Material resulting from placing concrete in
piles shall be disposed of in conformance with the provisions in Section 7-1.13,
"Disposal of Material Outside the Highway Right of Way," unless otherwise
permitted in writing by the Engineer.
• The reinforcement shall be placed and secured symmetrically about the axis of
the pile and shall be securely blocked to clear the sides of the hole.
• Reinforcement for cast-in-drilled-hole concrete piling with increased diameters
and revised tip elevations shall conform to the following:
The size and number of the reinforcing bars, the percentage of bars
required to extend to the pile tip and the size and pitch of the spiral
reinforcement shall conform to the details shown on the plans for the original
piles.
The required length of the spiral reinforcement and of any reinforcing bars
which do not extend to the pile tip shall be that length which would have been
required for the original specified or ordered tip elevation.



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