General Construction Specifications
SECTION 01560
TEMPORARY CONTROLS
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1 Section Includes
A. Water Control.
B. Dust Control.
C. Noise Control.
D. Pollution Control.
E. Site Utilities, temporary water service and sanitary facilities.
F. Barriers.
G. Traffic.
H. Protection.
I. Signs.
J. Temporary Buildings.
K. Progress Cleanup.
1.2 Related Sections
A. Section 01710 - Cleanup and Restoration.
1.3 Water Control
A. Grade site to drain, maintain excavations free of water. Provide, operate and maintain pumping equipment.
B. Protect site from ponding or running water as follows:
Slope Protection and Erosion Control
This section shall consist of temporary control measures as shown in the Plans or directed by the Engineer during the life of the Contract to control erosion and water pollution, through the use of berms, dikes, dams, sediment basins, fiber mats, netting, mulches, grasses, slope drains, temporary silt fences, and other control devices.
The temporary pollution control provisions contained herein shall be coordinated with the permanent erosion control features to assure economical, effective, and continuous erosion control throughout the construction of post-construction period.
1. Materials
Temporary Berms: A temporary berm is constructed of compacted soil, with or without a shallow ditch, at the top of fill slopes or transverse to centerline of fills. These berms are used temporarily at the top of newly constructed slopes to prevent excessive erosion until permanent controls are installed or slopes stabilized.
Temporary Slope Drain: A temporary slope drain is a facility consisting of stone gutters, fiber mats, plastic sheets, concrete or asphalt gutters, half round pipe, metal pipe, plastic pipe, sod or other material acceptable to the Engineer that may be used to carry water down slopes to reduce erosion.
Sediment Structures: Sediment basins, ponds and traps, are prepared storage areas, constructed to trap and store sediment from erodible areas in order to protect properties and streams channels below the construction areas from excessive siltation.
Check Dams: Check dams are barriers composed of logs and poles, large stones or other materials placed across a natural or constructed drainway. Stone check dams shall not be utilized where the drainage area exceeds fifty (50) acres. Log and pole structures shall not be used where the drainage area exceeds five (5) acres.
Temporary Seeding and Mulching: Temporary seeding and mulching are measures consisting of seeding, mulching, fertilizing, and matting utilized to reduce erosion. All cut and fill slopes including waste sites and borrow pits shall be seeded when and where necessary to eliminate erosion.
Brush Barriers: Brush barriers shall consist of brush, tree trimmings, shrubs, plants, and other approved refuse from the clearing and grubbing operations. Brush barriers are placed on natural ground at the bottom of fill slopes, where the most likely erodible areas are located, to restrain sedimentation particles.
Baled Hay or Straw Checks: Baled hay or straw erosion checks are temporary measures to control erosion and prevent siltation. Bales shall be either hay or straw containing five (5) cubic feet or more of material. Baled hay or straw checks shall be used where the existing ground slopes toward or away from the embankment along the toe of slopes, in ditches, or other areas where siltation erosion or water runoff is a problem.
Temporary Silt Fences: Silt fences are temporary measures utilizing woven wire or other approved material attached to posts with filter cloth composed of burlap, plastic filter fabric, etc., attached to the upstream side of the fence to retain the suspended silt particles in the runoff water.
2. Execution
Project Review: Prior to the pre-construction conference, the Contractor shall meet with the Engineer to go over in detail the expected problem areas regarding the erosion control work. Different solutions should be discussed so that the best method might be determined. It is the basic responsibility of the Contractor to develop an erosion control plan acceptable to the Engineer.
Pre-Construction Conference: At the pre-construction conference, the Contractor shall submit for acceptance his schedule for accomplishment of temporary and permanent erosion control work, as are applicable for clearing and grubbing, grading, bridges and other structures at watercourses, construction, and paving. He shall also submit for acceptance his proposed method of erosion control on haul roads and borrow pits and his plan for disposal of waste materials. No work shall be started until the erosion control schedules and methods of operation have been accepted by the Engineer.
Construction Requirements: The Engineer has the authority to limit the surface area of erodible earth material exposed by clearing and grubbing, the surface of erodible earth material exposed by excavation, borrow and fill operations and to direct the Contractor to provide immediate permanent or temporary pollution control measures to prevent contamination of adjacent streams or other watercourses, lakes, ponds, or other water impoundment. Such work may involve the construction of temporary berms, dikes, dams, sediment basins, slope drains, and use of temporary mulches, mats, seeding or other control devices or methods as necessary to control erosion. Cut and fill slopes shall be seeded and mulched as the excavation proceeds to the extent directed by the Engineer.
The Contractor shall be required to incorporate all permanent erosion control features into the project at the earliest practicable time as outlined in his accepted schedule. Temporary pollution control measures shall be used to correct conditions that develop during construction that were not foreseen during the design stage; that are needed prior to installation of permanent pollution control features; or that are needed temporarily to control erosion that develops during normal construction practices, but are not associated with permanent control features on the project.
Where erosion is likely to be a problem, clearing and grubbing operations should be so schedule and performed that grading operations and permanent erosion control features can follow immediately thereafter if the project conditions permit; otherwise, erosion control measures may be required between successive construction stages. Under no conditions shall the surface area of erodible earth material exposed at one time by clearing and grubbing exceed 50,000 square feet without approval of the Engineer.
The Engineer will limit the area of excavation, borrow, and embankment operations in progress commensurate with the Contractor's capability and progress in keeping the finish grading, mulching, seeding, and other such permanent pollution control measures current according to the accepted schedule. Should seasonal limitations make such coordination unrealistic, temporary erosion control measures shall be taken immediately to the extent feasible and justified.
Under no conditions shall the amount of surface area or erodible earth material exposed at one time by excavation or fill within the project area exceed 200,000 square feet without prior approval by the Engineer.
The Engineer may increase or decrease the amount of surface area of erodible earth material to be exposed at one time by clearing and grubbing, excavation, borrow and fill operations as determined by his analysis of project conditions.
In the event of conflict between these requirements and pollution control laws, rules or regulations, or other Federal, State or Local agencies, the more restrictive laws, rules or regulations shall apply.
Construction of Temporary Berms: A temporary berm shall be constructed of compacted soil, with a minimum width of 24 inches at the top and a minimum height of 12 inches with or without a shallow ditch, constructed at the top of fill slopes or transverse to centerline on fills. Temporary berms shall be graded so as to drain a compacted outlet at a slope drain. The area adjacent to the temporary berm in the vicinity of the slope drain must be properly graded to enable this inlet to function efficiently and with minimum ponding in this area. All transverse berms required on the downstream side of a slope drain shall extend across the grade to the highest point at approximately a 10 - degree angle with a perpendicular to centerline. The top width of these berms may be wider and the side slope flatter on transverse berms to allow to pass over these berms with minimal disruptions. When practical and until final roadway elevations are approached, embankments should be constructed with a gradual slope to one side of the embankment to permit the placement of temporary berms and slope drains on only one side of the embankment.
Construction of Temporary Slope Drains: Temporary slope drains shall consist of stone gutters, fiber mats, plastic sheets, concrete or asphalt gutters, half-round pipe, metal pipe, plastic pipe, flexible rubber, or other materials which can be used as temporary measures to carry water accumulating in the cuts and on the fills down the slopes prior to installation of permanent facilities or growth of adequate ground cover on the slopes.
Fiber matting and plastic sheeting shall not be used on slopes steeper the 4:1 except for short distances of 20 feet or less.
All temporary slope drains shall be adequately anchored to the slope to prevent disruption by the force of the water flowing in the drains. The base for temporary slope drains shall be compacted and concavely formed to channel the water or hold the slope drain in place. The inlet end shall be properly constructed to channel water into the temporary slope drain. Energy dissipaters, sediment basins, or other approved devices shall be constructed at the outlet end of the slope drains to reduce erosion downstream. An ideal dissipater would be dumped rock or a small sediment basin which would slow the water as well as pick up some sediment. All temporary slope drains shall be removed when no longer necessary and the site restored to match the surroundings.
Construction of Sediment Structures: Sediment structures shall be utilized to control sediment at the foot of embankments where slope drains outlet; at the bottom as well as in the ditchline atop waste sites; in the ditchlines or borrow pits. Sediment structures may be used in most drainage situations to prevent excessive siltation of pipe structures. All sediment structures shall be at least twice as long as they are wide.
When use of temporary sediment structures is to be discontinued, all sediment accumulation shall be removed, and all backfilled and properly compacted. The existing ground shall be restored to its natural or intended conditions.
Construction of Check Dams: Check dams shall be utilized to retard stream flow and catch sediment loads. Materials utilized to construct check dams are varied and should be clearly illustrated or explained in the Contractor's erosion control plan.
All check dams shall be keyed into the sides and bottom of the channel a minimum depth of two feet. A design is not needed for check dams, but some typical designs are shown in the standard plans.
Stone check dams should generally not be utilized where the drainage area exceeds fifty (50) acres. Log and pole structures should generally not be used where the drainage area exceeds five (5) acres.
Temporary Seeding and Mulching: Seeding and mulching shall be performed in accordance with Section 02935, (Topsoil and Seeding).
Brush Barriers: Brush barriers shall consist of brush, tree trimmings, shrubs, plants and other approved refuse from the clearing and grubbing operations. The brush barriers shall be constructed approximately parallel to original ground contour. The brush barrier shall be compressed to an approximate height of three to five feet and approximate width of five to ten feet. The embankment shall not be supported by the construction of brush barriers.
Baled Hay or Straw Erosion Checks: Hay or straw erosion checks shall be embedded in the ground four to six inches to prevent water flowing under them. The bales shall also be anchored securely to the ground by wooden stakes driven through the bales into the ground. Bales can remain in place until they rot, or be removed after they have served their purpose, as determined by the Engineer. The Contractor shall keep the checks in good conditions by replacing broken or damaged bales immediately after damage occurs. Normal debris clean-out will be considered routine maintenance.
Construction of Temporary Silt Fences: Temporary silt fences shall be placed on the natural ground, at the bottom of the fill slopes, in ditches, or other areas where siltation is a problem. Silt fences are constructed of wire mesh fence with a covering of burlap or some other suitable material on the upper grade side of the fence and anchored into the soil.
The Contractor shall be required to maintain the silt fence in a satisfactory condition for the duration of the project or until its removal is requested by the Engineer. The silt accumulation at the fence may be left in place and seeded, removed, etc., as directed by the Engineer. The silt fence becomes the property of the Contractor whenever the fence is removed.
Maintenance: The temporary erosion control features installed by the Contractor shall be acceptably maintained by the Contractor until no longer needed or permanent erosion control methods are installed. Any materials removed shall become the property of the Contractor.
In the event that temporary erosion and pollution control measures are required due to the Contractor's negligence, carelessness, or failure to install permanent controls as a part of work as scheduled, and are ordered by the Engineer, such work shall be performed by the Contractor at his own expense.
Where the work to be performed is not attributed to the Contractor's negligence, carelessness, or failure to install permanent controls and falls within the specification for a work item that has a contract price, the units of work shall be paid for at the proper contract prices.
Erosion Control Outside Project Area: Temporary pollution control shall include construction work outside the project area where such work is necessary as a result of construction such as borrow pit operations, haul roads and storage sites. Bid price in such cases shall include all necessary clearing and grubbing, construction incidentals, maintenance, and site restoration when no longer needed.
3. Measurement for Payment
No separate measurement for payment will be made for this work. It will be considered a subsidiary obligation to the Contractor under other bid items to which it relates.
1.4 Dust Control
A. Execute work by methods to minimizing raising dust from construction activities. All available precautions shall be taken to control dust. When the Engineer judges dust to be a problem, the Contractor shall control dust by sprinkling, by applying calcium chloride, or by other means as directed.
B. If track drills are used for drilling rock, water must be provided with the drill to eliminate the dust.
C. No separate payment of dust control will be made for the various items used, and contract unit and/or lump sum prices will be full compensation for furnishing all material, equipment, tools, labor, and incidentals required to control dust. No additional compensation will be allowed for any costs incurred due to delays caused by necessary dust control operations.
1.5 Noise Control
A. Contractor's vehicle, and activities should minimize noise.
B. Conform to latest TOSHA standards.
C. Abide by local codes.
1.6 Pollution Control
A. Provide methods, means, and facilities to prevent contamination of soil, water, and atmosphere from discharge of noxious, toxic substances, and pollutants produced by construction operations.
B. The Contractor shall insure that no wastewater bypassing will occur due to construction activities unless a schedule is approved by the Tennessee Department Environment and Conservation and by EPA if required by the terms of the NPDES permit.
C. The Contractor's attention is directed to the Tennessee Water Pollution Control Act of 1977 as modified by the 1987 amendments. Special attention is called of the following sections which read in part:
"TCA 69-3-113 Causing Pollution... - (a) It shall be unlawful for any person to discharge any substance into the waters of the state or place or cause to be placed in any location where such substances either by themselves or in combination with others, cause and of the damages as defined in 69-3-013(22), unless such discharge shall be due to an unavoidable accident or unless such action has been properly authorized.
(b) In addition it shall be unlawful for any person to act in a manner or degree which is violative of any provisions of this part or of any rule, regulation, or standard of water quality promulgated by the Board or of any permits or issued pursuant to the provisions of this part...
69-3-103(22) Pollution means such alteration of the physical, chemical, biological, bacteriological or radiological properties of waters of this state including but not limited to changes in temperature, taste, color, turbidity, or odor of the waters:
(A) As will result or will likely result in harm, potential harm or detriment of the public health, safety, or welfare;
(B) As will result or will likely render the water substantially less useful or domestic, municipal, industrial, agricultural, recreational, or other reasonable uses; or
(C) As will leave or will likely leave the waters in such conditions as to violate any standards of water quality established by the board;
(32) "Waters" means any and all water, public or private, on or beneath the surface of the ground, which are contained within flow through, or border upon Tennessee or any portion thereof except those bodies of water confined to and retained within the limits of private property in single ownership which do not combine or effect a junction with natural surface or underground waters. [Acts 1971, Ch. 164, 3; 1977, Ch. 366, 1; T.C.A., 70-326; Acts 1984, Ch. 804, 1; 1987, Ch. 111, 1.]"
It shall be the Contractor's responsibility to furnish and install any items; including but not limited to, hay barriers, siltation fences, rip-rap and any special construction techniques, necessary to comply with the Tennessee Water Quality Control Act of 1977 as modified by the 1987 amendments.
1.7 Site Utilities, Temporary Water Service, and Sanitary Facilities
A. The Contractor shall not open, turn on, or make any connections to any hydrant unless prior written permission is obtained.
B. Where the Contractor desires a water supply in connection with any construction work, he shall make complete and satisfactory arrangements with the Metropolitan Department of Water and Sewerage Services, or with any Utility District which may own the water main from which water is to be obtained. Payment for such water will be made by the Contractor in accordance with the Department's or Utility District's official rates.
C. The Contractor, for and in behalf of his work under this contract, shall provide and maintain all necessary facilities, such as water supply, fences, sanitary facilities, suitable storage places, etc., except as may be otherwise specifically stipulated in the Special Provisions. Electrical Power and telephone will be required by the Special Provisions. Sanitary facilities shall be suitable for those employed on this Contract and of a type that will not create a public nuisance. He shall provide and maintain an adequate potable water supply for use of employees at the site of the work. Sanitary facilities and potable water supply shall be subject to approval of local and State Departments of Health.
1.8 Barriers
A. Provide barriers to prevent unauthorized entry to construction areas and to protect existing facilities and adjacent properties from damage from construction operations.
B. Provide barriers required by governing authorities for public right-of-way.
C. Provide protection for plant life designated to remain. Replace damaged plant life.
1.9 Traffic
A. The Contractor shall secure the approval of and obtain operation procedures from the Metropolitan Department of Public Works, Division of Public Roads or the Tennessee Department of Transportation, as applicable, before closing or starting construction operations within the right-of-way of any street, alley, or highway. The Contractor shall be responsible for all traffic control operations and requirements of each of the above agencies. The cost of this item shall be merged into the cost of other work as no separate payment will be made.
1.10 Protection
A. Protection of Persons and Property
The Contractor shall furnish such watchmen, guards, fences, warning signs, lights, walkways, and shall take all other precautions as shall be necessary, to prevent damage to persons or property. All structures and improvements in the vicinity of the work shall be protected by the Contractor; and, if such property is damages, injured or destroyed by the Contractor, his employees, subcontractors, or agents, it shall be restored to a condition as good as when he entered upon the work.
The safety provisions of applicable laws, including but not limited to building and construction codes, shall be observed. Machinery, equipment, and all hazards shall be guarded (or hazards eliminated) in accordance with the safety provisions of the Manual of Accident Prevention in Construction published by the Associated General Contractors of America, to the extent that such provisions are not in contravention of applicable law.
B. Protection of Contractor's Work and Property
The Contractor shall protect his work, supplies, and materials from damage due to the nature of the work, the action of the elements, trespassers or any cause whatsoever, until the completion and acceptance of the work.
Neither the Owner nor any of its officers, employees or agents assumes any responsibility for collecting indemnity from any person or person causing damage to the work of the Contractor.
C. Protection of Existing Structures
Unless otherwise indicated on the Contract Drawings, or unless otherwise taken care of by the owner thereof, all utilities and all structures of any nature, whether below or above ground, that may be affected by the work, shall be protected and maintained by the Contractor and shall not be disturbed or damaged by him during the progress of the work. Provided that, should the Contractor disturb, disconnect, or damage any utility or any structure, all expenses of whatever nature arising from such disturbance or the replacement or repair thereof shall be borne by the Contractor.
D. Safety Inspection and Accident Reports
The Contractor shall routinely conduct safety inspections of the work in progress and keep a log book in relation to the inspections.
In the case of a personal injury accident, the Contractor bears the responsibility of initiating an investigation immediately and filing a complete report with this Department within 20 days of the accident. Property damage incidents will be treated in a similar manner.
E. The Contractor shall comply with the "Safety and Health Regulations for Construction" and subsequent amendments, promulgated by the Department Labor under the Occupational and Health Act of 1970 (P.L.91-596) and under Section 107 of the Contract Work hours and safety standards Act (P.L. 92-54)
All chemicals used during construction or furnished for project operation, whether herbicide, pesticide, disinfectant, polymer, reactant or of other classification, must show approval of either EPA or USDA. Use of all such chemicals and disposal of residues shall be in strict conformance with instructions. Contractor shall comply with all provisions of the State of Tennessee "Right to Know" law.
F. Should the Contractor elect to use explosives in the prosecution of the work, the Contractor shall employ only workmen familiar and skilled in the use of explosives, carefully cover the explosion with suitable timber, matting and/or excavation, and exercise the utmost care so as not to endanger life or property.
The Contractor shall obtain all necessary permits and/or licenses and carry on such work in compliance with all the Metropolitan Government ordinances and the State of Tennessee laws.
Whenever explosives are stored or kept, they shall be stored in a safe and secure manner, and all storage places shall be plainly marked "DANGEROUS - EXPLOSIVES".
1.11 Project Sign
A. The Contractor shall be responsible for furnishing, erecting, and maintaining near the work a project sign sized and lettered as detailed on sketch 01560-A the decal required on the sign will be furnished by the Owner. No other commercial or advertising signs will be allowed on the site of the work or on public property in the vicinity of the Work.
B. The sign shall be fabricated of good quality 3/4" stock, or plywood, or aluminum, 4 feet high by 8 feet long, with suitable frame and posts. The entire woodwork front rear, and edges shall be given a priming coat of oil and at least two coats of oil gloss white paint. The letter shall be painted blue and neatly centered.
1.12 Temporary Building
A. If in the opinion of the Owner, the Contractor's regularly established business office is so removed from the area so as to interfere with the transactions between the Owner and the Contractor, the Contractor shall provide and maintain an office within Davidson County at a location to be approved by the Owner.
B. The above office shall be the headquarters of a foreman or superintendent, authorized to receive drawings, instructions, or other communications, articles or things from the Owner or its agents and any such thing given to the said foreman or superintendent or delivered to the Contractors office at the site of the Work in his absence shall be deemed to have been given to the Contractor.
1.13 Progress Cleanup
A. The Contractor shall not allow the site of the work to become littered with trash and waste materials, but shall maintain the same in a neat and orderly condition throughout the construction period. The Engineer shall have the right to determine what is or is not waste material or rubbish and the place and manner of disposal. An adequate number of trash recepticals shall be provided and emptied daily if necessary.
B. On or before completion of the Work, the Contractor shall comply with Section 01710 Cleanup and Restoration.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
A. Not used.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
A. Not used.
END OF SECTION
